The ATP-PCr System and Creatine

High intensity exercise of short duration (ie.100m dash, 25m or heavy ass squats) requires an immediate energy supply. This comes almost soley on banked stores of intramuscular, high-energy phosphates, phosphagens, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr). Each kilogram of skeletal muscle (the kind of muscle you use when you workout) contains 3 to 8 mmol/l (millimoles/litre) of ATP and 4–5 times more PCr. For a 70kg person, with a muscle mass of 30kg, this represents between 570 to 690 mmol/l of high-energy phosphates. Assuming that 20kg of muscle becomes active during “big-muscle” exercise, sufficient stored phosphagen energy can supply energy for 5-8 seconds of sprint running for 5–8 seconds, or up to 15 seconds of heavy, maximal effort weight lifting.

All sports use the high-energy phosphates, but many depend almost entirely on this means of energy transfer. For example, success in football and the gym requires brief but maximal efforts during the performance. Sustaining exercise beyond a brief period and recovering from all-out effort requires an additional energy source to replenish ATP. If this does not occur, the “fuel” supply diminishes and high-intensity movement comes to a screeching halt. The carbohydrates, fat, and protein found within the cellular fluids and tissue depots remain ready to continually recharge the available pool of high-energy phosphates to sustain muscular activity. However, there are other methods of help maintaining this energy currency. This is where creatine comes into play.

When creatine is consumed it passes through the digestive tract intact and eventually gets shuttled into skeletal muscle. About 40% exists as free creatine; the remainder combines with a phosphate molecule to form PCr.

PCr also shuttles intramuscular high-energy phosphate between the mitochondria and muscle filament cross-bridge sites that initiate muscle action. Maintaining a high ratio of ATP:ADP (adenosine diphosphate) ratio is important for maximum effort activities lasting up to 3-15 seconds. This exercise duration places high demands on ATP re-synthesis that exceed the energy transfer from intracellular macronutrient breakdown.

Generally speaking, creatine has the potential to accomplish the following:

- Accelerate ATP turnover to maintain power output during short-term muscular effort

- Delay PCr depletion

- Diminish dependence on anaerobic glycolysis and decrease resulting lactate formation

- Facilitate muscle relaxation and recovery from repeated bouts of intense, brief effort via faster ATP and PCr resynthesis; rapid recovery allows continued higher level power output

Molecular Structure of PCr




Molecular Structure of ATP




Kurt Kuhn - http://www.fusionbodybuilding.com/

RAZBERI-K - A SUB•Q INNOVATION

Razberi-K, also known as 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one, is a ketone unique to red raspberry. Raspberries contain many bioactive constituents beneficial for health. One particular constituent, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one appears to have the potential to decrease body fat.

A recent study in Sarasota, Florida of this year adds to existing clinical research in which raspberry ketone has been shown to have anti-obesity effects by altering lipid metabolism, specifically by increasing norepinephrine-induced lipolysis, an effect which may enhance thermogenesis and oxidation of body fat.

The chemical structure of raspberry ketone is similar to that of capsaicin and synephrine. Both of which are well documented for their ability to produce thermogenesis through the release of norepinephrine. However, there are health risks with these two ingredients – synephrine has been shown to have dangerous cardiovascular side effects, while capsaicin has been shown to cause gastrointestinal distress in many users. There are no documented side effects related to raspberry ketone consumption.

This revolutionary ingredient is part of the Beyond Ripped Complex™ found exclusively in SUB•Q.

www.FUSIONBodybuilding.com

PRESS RELEASE

FUSION Bodybuilding, Inc. Announces the Launch of SUB•Q -
The First Subcutaneous Fat-Incinerator:

Guelph, ON – Fusion Bodybuilding, Inc. announces the launch of SUB•Q – the world’s first fat burner designed to target subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous fat is very hard to lose because it attaches itself just under the skin – hiding lean muscle definition under a layer of persistent white, milky fat. This evolutionary supplement was developed to address the void in availability of any fat burners in the category of subcutaneous fat loss. SUB•Q contains 3 complexes that work via separate mechanisms all targeted toward the incineration of subcutaneous fat.

Adrian Burke, Co-President of Fusion Bodybuilding spoke to the release of their revolutionary new product: “The supplement industry has been bombarded with ‘me-too’ products that do nothing more than boast how great they are – they try to fool everyone with big, flashy claims. It was really important for us to put our customers first and bring functionality and value to the forefront. Fusion has gained a reputation for developing bodybuilding’s strongest supplements because of a decade of dedication in doing exactly that. With this continued dedication in mind we set out to develop the strongest fat-burner ever made and we did it!”

SUB•Q is packaged with a 50-page manual consumers use to achieve their ideal body. This manual comes complete with a 3 phase diet and training program geared towards subcutaneous fat loss. This added value piece is a key feature in bringing functionality and value to our consumers and will resonate in other Fusion products as well. SUB•Q will be released to the public in Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Austria on June 14, 2007.

About Fusion Bodybuilding, Inc.
Fusion's innovative research and development team provides people around the world with bodybuilding’s strongest supplements. Founded in 1998 by Ryan Herniman and Adrian Burke, Fusion today is a top supplement company that pays particular attention to category development and value driven brands. Fusion's targeted marketing program provides businesses of all sizes with measurable results, while enhancing the overall experience for supplement users. Fusion is headquartered in Guelph, Ontario – the hub of nutraceutical development in North America.

Fusion Bodybuilding Media
Jeff Wall jeff@fusionbodybuilding.com